HPAI – Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza

Update January 2025

HPAI, due to infection with the virus, H5N1, is a steadily increasing concern across the world. Since its discovery in the United States in February 2022, it has caused death in many wild birds, and required the destruction of many commercial and backyard flocks to help limit spread. Infection is usually caused by direct exposure to other infected birds, often spread by migrating wild birds.

Spread of H5N1 to other species is much less common but is a significant concern. Infection in cows has led to milk contamination; While most cows recover, milk must be discarded until it is virus-free. Infection in people and dogs has, so far, been very rare (Signs are usually mild, but occasionally severe). Unfortunately, cats appear quite susceptible, and HPAI has caused severe disease and death in both small and large cats who have contracted the illness. No specific treatment exists, and most cats succumb to the illness despite supportive care efforts.

The AVMA has an excellent web-page discussing Avian Influenza and detailing prevention measures in cats here.

We recommend following the AVMA guidelines for both dogs and cats. To briefly summarize:

• Do not feed raw Cook all meat thoroughly before feeding. Do not feed raw or freeze-dried diets that contain poultry.
• Do not give raw milk products – ensure that all dairy products have been pasteurized or thoroughly cooked.
• Do not feed raw Eggs and egg-products should be cooked before feeding.
• Ideally, keep cats indoors to prevent exposure to birds and other
• Avoid contact with sick or dead birds and other wildlife
• Keep cats away from livestock, poultry, and their environments, especially in areas with known H5N1 outbreaks.
• Change your clothes and shoes, and thoroughly wash any exposed skin, after interacting with sick or dead animals that may harbor the H5N1 virus, and before interacting with your cat.
• Immediately contact your veterinarian if your cat develops sudden, severe signs that may be consistent with H5N1 Report risk factors, such as exposure to wild birds or feeding of raw poultry products, to your veterinarian.

-Mark Kummer, DVM, Medical Director